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1972–Paramount's Kings Island opens. Located approximately 30 miles north of Cincinnati, Ohio, this new amusement park replaces Coney Island, which was not only out of room to expand, but was also prone to flooding at its riverbank location near downtown. Rides at the opening are: Bavarian Beetle, Canoe Ride, Der Spinning Keggers, Enchanted Voyage, Flying Eagles, Giant Slide, Haley’s Comet, Kings Mill Log Flume, Monster, The Rotor, Scrambler, Sky Ride, Tumble Bug, and Wheel of Fortune. Theme areas are: International Street, Oktoberfest (German themed), Coney Island, and Rivertown (water themed).


1091–The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the Battle of Levounion.

1380–Mystic and philosopher, Saint Catherine of Siena, dies in Rome, Papal States, at age 33.

1386–The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and becomes its vassal.

1417–Louis II of Naples dies at his chateau of Angers in Anjou, France, at age 39.

1429–Joan of Arc leads Orleans, France, to victory over the English.

1483–Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands, is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile.

1521–Swedish troops, under Gustav Vasa, defeat a Danish force, under Didrik Slagheck, in the Battle of Västeras, and soon capture the city of Västeras.

1553–The practice of starching linen is introduced to England by a flemish woman.

1649–Chinese Prince, Dodo, dies of smallpox in Beijing, China, at age 35. He was a Manchu prince and military general of the early Qing Dynasty. His title was "Prince Yu of the First Rank."

1661–The Chinese Ming Dynasty occupies Taiwan.

1670–Pope Clemens X is elected.

1770–James Cook arrives at (and names) Botany Bay, Australia.

1781–In the American Revolutionary War, British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.

1813–Rubber is patented by Jacob F. Hummel.

1818–Alexander II, Tsar of Russia, is born in Moscow Kremlin, Moscow, Russian Empire. Alexander was the most successful Russian reformer since Peter the Great.

1830–Adolph Sutro, 24th Mayor of San Francisco, California, is born Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro in Aachen, Rhine Province, Prussia (present-day North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). He was the first German-American Jewish mayor, serving in that office from 1895 until 1897. He is best remembered for the various San Francisco lands and landmarks that still bear his name.

1847–Musician and composer, (Carl) Joachim Andersen, is born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was a co-founder of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. As a virtuoso and a composer of flute music, he is considered one of the best of his time.

1852–The first edition of Roget’s Thesaurus is published.

1857–The U.S. Army Pacific Division Headquarters is permanently established at The Presidio in San Francisco, California.

1861–Maryland's House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.

1862–New Orleans falls to Union forces under Admiral David Farragut.

1863–Newspaper publisher, William Randolph Hearst, is born in San Francisco, California. Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887, after being given control of The San Francisco Examiner by his wealthy father, George Hearst. He built the nation's largest newspaper chain and media company Hearst Communications. His flamboyant methods of yellow journalism influenced the nation's popular media by emphasizing sensationalism and human interest stories. His life story was the basis for the Orson Welles’ film Citizen Kane. His famous mansion, Hearst Castle, on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean near San Simeon, California, is now a State Historical Monument and a National Historic Landmark.

1864–Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.

1876–Zewditu I of Ethiopia is born Askala Maryam in Ejersa Goro, Harar, Ethiopia. She was the first female head of an internationally recognized state in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the first Empress regnant of the Ethiopian Empire perhaps since the legendary Makeda, the Queen of Sheba.

1879–Composer and conducter, Thomas Beecham, is born in St. Helens, Lancashire, England. He co-founded The London Philharmonic and The Royal Philharmonic.

1882–The "Elektromote," forerunner of the trolleybus, is tested by Ernst Werner von Siemens in Berlin, Germany.

1899–Jazz bandleader and composer, Duke Ellington, is born Edward Kennedy Ellington in Washington, D.C. Often collaborating with others, Ellington wrote more than 1,000 compositions and his extensive body of work is the largest recorded personal jazz legacy, with many of his works having become standards. He is best known for his 1930 recording Mood Indigo.

1901–An antisemitic riot erupts in Budapest, Hungary.

1901–The 27th Kentucky Derby: Jimmy Winkfield, on His Eminence, wins in 2:07.75.

1901–Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989), is born at Aoyama Detached Palace in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. At the start of his reign, Japan was already one of the great powers: the ninth-largest economy in the world, the third-largest naval power, and one of the four permanent members of the council of the League of Nations. He was the head of state under the limitation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan during Japan's imperial expansion, militarization, and involvement in World War II. After the war, he was not prosecuted for war crimes as many other leading government figures were. During the postwar period, he became the symbol of the new state and Japan's recovery, and by the end of his reign, Japan had emerged as the world's second largest economy.

1903–The zipper is patented by Swedish engineer, Gideon Sundback.

1903–A landslide kills 70 people in Frank, North-West Territories, Canada.

1907–Film director, Alfred “Fred” Zinnemann, is born in Rzeszów, Austria-Hungary. His films include The Men, High Noon, The Member of the Wedding, From Here to Eternity, Oklahoma!, A Hatful of Rain, The Old Man and the Sea, The Nun’s Story, The Sundowners, Behold a Pale Horse, A Man for All Seasons, The Day of Jackal, and Julia.

1909–Actor, Tom Ewell, is born Samuel Yewell Tompkins in Owensboro, Kentucky. He appeared in the films Adam’s Rib, A Life of Her Own, Finders Keepers, Back at the Front, The Seven Year Itch, The Lieutenant Wore Skirts, The Great American Pastime, The Girl Can’t Help It, Tender is the Night, State Fair, Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came?, They Only Kill Their Masters, and Easy Money.

1910–The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the People's Budget, the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth among the British public.

1911–Tsinghua University is founded in mainland China.

1912–Actor, Richard (Dutoit) Carlson, is born in Albert Lea, Minnesota. He appeared in the films No, No, Nanette, The Little Foxes, Presenting Lily Mars, King Solomon's Mines, The Magnetic Monster, It Came from Outer Space, Riders to the Stars, Creature from the Black Lagoon, The Helen Morgan Story, The Doomsday Flight, The Valley of Gwangi, and Change of Habit.

1913–An improved version of the zipper is patented by Swedish engineer, Gideon Sundback.

1915–Donald Mills, of The Mills Brothers, is born in Piqua, Ohio. The group’s hits include Lazy River, Jeepers Creepers, and Paper Doll.

1916–During World War I, the United Kingdom's 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut.

1916–The Easter Rising in Dublin collapsed as Irish nationalists surrendered to British authorities.

1917–Actress, Celeste Holm, is born in New York, New York. She appeared in the films Three Little Girls in Blue, Gentlemen’s Agreement, The Snake Pit, All About Eve, The Tender Trap, High Society, Bachelor Flat, Tom Sawyer, Three Men and a Baby, and Still Breathing.

1922–Harmonica player, Toots Thielemans, is born Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans in Brussels, Belgium. He worked both as a bandleader and as a sideman, including many projects with composer/arranger Quincy Jones. He performed on many film soundtracks, including Midnight Cowboy, Cinderella Liberty, Jean de Florette, The Sugarland Express, The Yakuza, Turkish Delight, The Getaway, and French Kiss.

1926–Computer engineer, Paul Baran, is born in Grodno, Second Polish Republic (present-day Belarus). He was an internet pioneer who helped create the technical underpinnings of Arpanet.

1928–Carl (Edward) Gardner, of The Coasters, is born in Tyler, Texas. His first major career success came with The Robins, a rhythm and blues group that had a big hit in 1955 with Smokey Joe's Cafe. The Coasters’ hits include Youngblood, Searchin’, Yakety Yak, Charlie Brown, and Poison Ivy.

1931–Skiffle musician, Lonnie Donegan, is born Anthony James Donegan in Bridgeton, Glasgow, Scotland. Lonnie's skiffle sound was an inspiration to many British beat and pop acts, including The Beatles, Gerry & the Pacemakers, and Herman's Hermits. You can hear it especially well on I'm Henry the Eighth I Am and Mrs. Brown You've Got a Lovely Daughter. His hits include Rock Island Line and the novelty song Does Your Chewing Gum Loose It's Flavor (On the Bed Post Overnight?).

1933–Songwriter and Poet Laureate of the 1960s, Rod McKuen, is born Rodney Marvin McKuen in Oakland, California. Throughout his career, McKuen produced a wide range of recordings, which included popular music, spoken word poetry, film soundtracks, and classical music.

1933–Country singer, Willie (Hugh) Nelson, is born in Abbott, Texas. He is one of the main figures of outlaw country, a sub-genre of country music that developed in the late 1960s as a reaction to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound. He wrote songs that would become country standards, including Funny How Time Slips Away, Hello Walls, Pretty Paper, and Crazy. His hits include Nite Life, Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain, Whiskey River, On the Road Again, and Always on My Mind. He appeared in the films The Electric Horseman, Honeysuckle Rose, Barbarosa, Songwriter, and Red Headed Stranger.

1934–Bluesman, Otis Rush, is born in Philadelphia, Mississippi. Aerosmith, Eric Clapton, and Fleetwood Mac have covered his songs.

1936–Conductor, Zubin Mehta, is born in Bombay, British India (present-day Mumbai, India). His conducting is renowned as being flamboyant, vigorous, and forceful. He has conducted the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.

1936–Singer, April Stevens, of Nino Tempo & April Stevens, is born in Niagara Falls, New York. The duo had a big hit in the 1960s with Deep Purple.

1937–Wallace Carothers, inventor of nylon, dies of suicide by drinking a cocktail of lemon juice laced with potassium cyanide in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at age 41. He had been troubled by periods of depression since his youth. He was a chemist, inventor, and the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont.

1938–Businessman and financier, Bernard (Lawrence) Madoff, is born in Queens, New York. He is a former stockbroker, investment advisor, and the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market. Madoff is the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered the largest financial fraud in U.S. history. On March 12, 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies. The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors out of billions of dollars. On June 29, 2009, Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison, the maximum allowed.

1939–The Whitestone Bridge, connecting the Bronx and Queens, opens in New York.

1942–Artist-musician, Klaus Voormann, is born in West Berlin, Germany. He became a friend and associate of The Beatles during their days in Hamburg, and later played bass with Manfred Mann, George Harrison, and John Lennon's Plastic Ono Band. He is probably most well-known, however, for illustrating the cover of The Beatles' Revolver LP. Voormann also did the art for the more recent “The Beatles Anthology” series.

1943–Dietrich Bonhoeffer is arrested by the Nazis.

1943–Duane Allen, of The Oak Ridge Boys, is born in Taylortown, Texas.

1944–British agent, Nancy Wake, a leading figure in the French Resistance and the Gestapo's most wanted person, parachutes back into France to become a liaison between London, England, and the local maquis group.

1945–In Italy, The German army surrenders unconditionally to the Allies.

1945–The Captain-class frigate HMS Goodall (K479) is torpedoed by U-286 outside the Kola Inlet, becoming the last Royal Navy ship to be sunk in the European theatre of World War II.

1945–In the concentration camp in Dachau, Germany, 31,601 prisoners are liberated by U.S. troops.

1945–Adolf Hitler marries his long-time partner, Eva Braun, in a Berlin bunker. He then designates Admiral Karl Dnitz as his successor.

1945–Singer, Tammi Terrell, is born Thomasina Winifred Montgomery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was teamed with soul singer, Marvin Gaye, and the duo had hits with Ain’t No Mountain High Enough, Ain’t Nothing Like the Real Thing, and You’re All I Need to Get By.

1946–The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convenes and indicts former Prime Minister of Japan, Hideki Tojo, and 28 former Japanese leaders, for war crimes.

1946–Father Divine, a controversial religious leader who claims to be God, marries the much-younger Edna Rose Ritchings, a celebrated anniversary in the International Peace Mission movement.

1947–Musician, Tommy James, is born Thomas Gregory Jackson in Dayton, Ohio. With his band, The Shondells, he scored #1's with songs as diverse as Hanky Panky and Crimson and Clover.

1951–Tibetan delegates to the Central People's Government arrive in Beijing and draft a Seventeen Point Agreement for Chinese sovereignty and Tibetan autonomy.

1951–Racecar driver, (Ralph) Dale Earnhardt, is born in Kannapolis, North Carolina. Considered one of the best NASCAR drivers of all time, Earnhardt won a total of 76 races over the course of his career, including one Daytona 500 victory in 1998. He earned seven NASCAR Winston Cup Championships, which ties him fellow driver, Richard Petty.

1952–Comedienne, Nora (Eloise) Dunn, is born in Chicago, Illinois. She is best known as a cast member on the TV show Saturday Night Live. She appeared in the films Working Girl, Miami Blues, Passion Fish, I Love Trouble, Heartbreakers, Zoolander, Bruce Almighty, and Runaway Jury.

1953–The first American experimental 3D television broadcast is an episode of Space Patrol on ABC-TV affiliate KECA in Los Angeles, California.

1954–Comedian-actor, Jerry Seinfeld, is born Jerome Allen Seinfeld in Brooklyn, New York. He is best known for portraying a semi-fictional version of himself in the sitcom Seinfeld, which he co-created and co-wrote with Larry David.

1955–Giovanni Gronchi is elected third President of Italy.

1955–Actress, Kate Mulgrew, is born Katherine Kiernan Maria Mulgrew in Dubuque, Iowa. She appeared in the films A Stranger is Watching, Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins, Throw Momma from the Train, Star Trek: Nemesis, and The Best and the Brightest.

1957–The first military nuclear power plant is dedicated ay Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

1957–Actor, Daniel Day-Lewis, is born Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis in Kensington, London, England. He appeared in the films Sunday Bloody Sunday, Gandhi, The Bounty, My Beautiful Laundrette, A Room with a View, The Unbearable Lightness of Being, My Left Foot, The Last of the Mohicans, The Age of Innocence, The Crucible, and Lincoln.

1958–Actress, Michelle (Marie) Pfeiffer, is born in Santa Ana, California. She appeared in the films The Hollywood Knights, Grease 2, Scarface, Into the Night, Ladyhawke, Sweet Liberty, The Witches of Eastwick, Married to the Mob, Tequila Sunrise, Dangerous Liaisons, The Fabulous Baker Boys, Frankie and Johnny, Love Field, The Age of Innocence, Dangerous Minds, Up Close and Personal, I Am Sam, and Hairspray. She was married to actor, Peter Horton, and producer, David E. Kelley.

1958–Actress, Eve (Aline) Plumb, is born in Burbank, California. She is best known for the role of Jan Brady on the TV sitcom The Brady Bunch.

1961–The Wide World of Sports debuts on ABC-TV.

1964–The U.S. conducts a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1965–Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) successfully launches its seventh rocket in its Rehber series.

1965–An earthquake strikes Seattle, Washington, killing five people.

1967–John Lennon is filmed by Granada Television attending the ”14-Hour Technicolor Dream” event (at Alexandra Palace, Alexandra Park, London, England) for inclusion in a documentary about the “underground” movement flowering in London. One of the performers at this event is Yoko Ono.

1967–After refusing induction into the United States Army (the previous day), Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.

1967–The New York Times reports that a court in Munich, Germany, has ruled that "beat band music" is subject to taxation as entertainment and it's not comparable to concert music presented to "passive listeners." Tax authorities submitted test results from a recent "pop beat show" registering the band's sound level at 117 decibels and the audience's sound level at 105 decibels.

1967–Film director, Anthony Mann, dies of a heart attack in Berlin, Germany, at age 60. He was working on his last film A Dandy in Aspic. His films include Moonlight in Havana, T-Men, Border Incident, Winchester ‘73, Bend of the River, The Naked Spur, The Glenn Miller Story, The Far Country, The Man from Laramie, The Tin Star, God’s Little Acre, Cimarron, and El Cid.

1968–The controversial musical, Hair, a product of the hippie counter-culture and sexual revolution of the 1960s, opens in New York City at the Biltmore Theatre on Broadway, with its songs becoming anthems of the anti-Vietnam War movement.

1968–Singer, Carnie Wilson, is born in Los Angeles, California. She was a member of the singing trio, Wilson Phillips. She is the daughter of musician, Brian Wilson.

1970–After 28 straight days of shouting, screaming, sketching, and eating 28 different colors of ice cream, John Lennon and Yoko Ono’s Primal Scream therapy sessions with Arthur Janov are concluded at this London offices. He recommends that the Lennons fly to Los Angeles, California, and resume their treatment at his Primal Institute Clinic.

1970–Fifty thousand American and South Vietamese troops make an incursion into Cambodia. It has been said that President Nixon ordered this invasion after watching the movie Patton.

1970–Tennis player, Andre (Kirk) Agassi, is born in Las Vegas, Nevada. He is a former World No. 1, who was one of the game's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s. He is generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time. He was married to model-actress, Brooke Shields.

1970–Singer, China Forbes, of Pink Martini, is born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

1970–Actress, Uma (Karuna) Thurman, is born in Boston, Massachusetts. She appeared in the films Johnny Be Good, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, Dangerous Liaisons, Henry & June, Robin Hood, Jennifer 8, Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, Pulp Fiction, The Truth About Cats & Dogs, Sweet and Lowdown, and Kill Bill: Volume 1 & 2. She was married to actors, Gary Oldman and Ethan Hawke.

1971–The U.S. conducts a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1971–Promoter, Bill Graham, closes down the Fillmore (in San Francisco) and the Fillmore East (in New York City).

1972–Paramount's Kings Island opens. Located approximately 30 miles north of Cincinnati, Ohio, this new amusement park replaces Coney Island, which was not only out of room to expand, but was also prone to flooding at its riverbank location near downtown. Rides at the opening are: Bavarian Beetle, Canoe Ride, Der Spinning Keggers, Enchanted Voyage, Flying Eagles, Giant Slide, Haley’s Comet, Kings Mill Log Flume, Monster, The Rotor, Scrambler, Sky Ride, Tumble Bug, and Wheel of Fortune. Theme areas are: International Street, Oktoberfest (German themed), Coney Island, and Rivertown (water themed).

1973–Police fire tear gas on a crowd who've come to see Fleetwood Mac, Elvin Bishop, Buddy Miles, and Canned Heat perform at a music festival in Stockton, California. In the ensuing melee, over 80 people (including 28 cops) are hurt and 50 people are arrested.

1974–President Richard Nixon announces the release of edited transcripts of White House tape recordings related to the Watergate scandal.

1975–In the closing hours of the Vietnam War, the last U.S. troops are evacuated from Saigon. In chaotic scenes at the American Embassy, thousands of Vietnamese are ferried out, as well.

1975–Ethiopia nationalizes all of its land.

1978–Singer, P.J. Proby, is fired from his role as the oldest of three Elvises (or Elvi) in the stage musical, Elvis, in London, England. Allegedly he insisted on changing his lines during performances.

1978–Singer, Javier Colon, is born in Stratford, Connecticut. In 2011, He was the winner of the first season of the TV singing competition show, The Voice, as a member of Team Adam.

1980–Film director, Alfred Hitchcock, dies of renal failure in Bel Air, California, at age 80. He presented two TV series in the 1960s: Alfred Hitchcock Presents and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. His films include The 39 Steps, Sabotage, The Lady Vanishes, Foreign Correspondent, Suspicion, Saboteur, Shadow of a Doubt, Lifeboat, Spellbound, Notorious, Rope, Strangers on a Train, I Confess, Dial M for Murder, Rear Window, To Catch a Thief, The Trouble with Harry, The Man Who Knew Too Much, The Wrong Man, Vertigo, North by Northwest, Psycho, The Birds, Marnie, and Torn Curtain.

1981–Peter Sutcliffe admits he is the Yorkshire Ripper (murderer of 13 women).

1983–Actress, Megan Boone, is born in Petoskey, Michigan. She is best known for the role of Elizabeth Keen on the TV series The Blacklist.

1985–Tony Tubbs defeats Greg Page in 15 rounds for the Heavyweight Boxing Championship.

1986–During the Chernobyl disaster, American and European Spy Satellites capture the ruins of the 4th Reactor at the Chernobyl Power Plant.

1986–In a fire at the City of Los Angeles Public Library, over 400,000 books and other items are damaged or destroyed.

1988–Actor, Burt Reynolds, marries actress, Loni Anderson.

1988–Newscaster, Diane Sawyer, marries movie director, Mike Nichols.

1988–Eric Clapton and Pattie Boyd (ex-wife of George Harrison) file for divorce.

1990–Wrecking cranes begin tearing down the Berlin Wall.

1990–A storm system crossing northern New Mexico covers parts of the Rocky Mountain Region and the Northern High Plains with heavy snow, and produces blizzard conditions in central Montana. Much of southern Colorado is buried under one to three feet of snow.

1991–Croatia declares independence.

1991–A 7.0 earthquake hits Racha, Georgia, killing 270 people.

1991–One of the deadliest tropical cyclones on record hits the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh, with winds of approximately 155 mph and a 20-foot storm surge. Approximately 140,000 people are killed, most by drowning, despite the evacuation of over two million people from the area. Ten million are left homeless. The high winds and the surge level at the coastline cause an estimated $1.5 billion in damage. Winds are so powerful that a construction crane weighing 100 tons is swept from its location at the Port of Chittagong, smashing into the Karnaphuli River Bridge, breaking the bridge in two.

1991–Singer, (Allen) Cole Vosbury, is born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He is best known for his appearances on Season 5 of the singing competition TV show The Voice.

1991–George Sperti, inventor of Preparation H, dies in Cincinnati, Ohio, at age 91. He also invented the Sperti Ultraviolet Lamp, Aspercreme, and the KVa Power Meter.

1992–Riots in Los Angeles, California, follow the acquittal of police officers charged with excessive force in the beating of Rodney King. Over the next three days, 54 people are killed and hundreds of buildings are destroyed.

1993–Film director, Michael Gordon, dies of natural causes in Century City, California, at age 83. He was a member of the Group Theatre and was blacklisted as a Communist in the McCarthy era. His films include Cyrano de Bergerac, I Can Get It for You Wholesale, Pillow Talk, Portrait in Black, Boys' Night Out, Move Over Darling, For Love or Money, and Texas Across the River.

1993–Mick Ronson, of Mott the Hoople, dies of liver cancer in London, England, at age 46.

1994–Commodore International declares bankruptcy.

1997–The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 takes affect, outlawing the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons by its signatories.

1997–Keith Ferguson, of The Fabulous Thunderbirds, dies of a drug overdose at age 50.

1999–The Avala Tower, near Belgrade, is destroyed in the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.

2000–Pham Van Dong, who served as Prime Minister in Hanoi for more than three decades, dies in Hanoi, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, at age 84. An intellectual, Dong was considered close to Vietnam's late revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh.

2002–The United States is re-elected to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, one year after losing the seat it had held for 50 years.

2004–President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney testify before the 9/11 Commission in a closed, unrecorded hearing in the Oval Office.

2004–Oldsmobile builds its final car, ending 107 years of production.

2006–Economist, John Kenneth Galbraith, dies of natural causes in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at age 97. He was a leading proponent of 20th-century American liberalism. His books on economic topics were bestsellers from the 1950s through the 2000s.

2008–Swiss chemist, Albert Hofmann, the first to synthesize LSD, dies of a heart attack in Burg im Leimental, Switzerland, at age 102. Hofmann had revealed that LSD had not affected his understanding of death, and explained, "I go back to where I came from, to where I was before I was born, that’s all.”

2011–The Royal Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton takes place at Winchester Cathedral, in London, England.

2012–Shukri Ghanem, Prime Minister of Libya, dies from drowning in the River Danube in Vienna, Austria, at age 69.

2012–Film and television composer, Joel Goldsmith, dies of cancer in Hidden Hills, California, at age 54. His films include Laserblast, The Man with Two Brains, Joshua Tree, Man's Best Friend, and Star Trek: First Contact.

2012–Professional poker player, Amarillo Slim, dies of colon cancer in Amarillo, Texas, at age 83. He won the 1972 World Series of Poker (WSOP) Main Event and was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame in 1992.

2013–A powerful explosion, believed to have been caused by natural gas, occurs in an office building in Prague, injuring 43 people.

2014–Actor, Bob Hoskins, dies of pneumonia in London, England, at age 71. He appeared in the films Up the Front, The National Health, Royal Flash, Inserts, Pink Floyd The Wall, Lassiter, The Cotton Club, Brazil, Sweet Liberty, Mona Lisa, A Prayer for the Dying, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Mermaids, Shattered, Hook, The Inner Circle, Nixon, Michael, Last Orders, Maid in Manhattan, Vanity Fair, Beyond the Sea, Mrs. Henderson Presents, and Hollywoodland.

2015–A baseball game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago White Sox sets the all-time low attendance mark for Major League Baseball. Zero fans were in attendance for the game, as the stadium was officially closed to the public due to the ongoing riots in Baltimore, Maryland.

2015–Businesswoman, Jean Nidetch, dies in Parkland, Florida, at age 91. She co-founded Weight Watchers.

2017–Hacker, The Dark Overlord, claims to have stolen the upcoming season of Netflix's hit series, Orange Is the New Black, and is demanding that the video streaming service pay an unspecified ransom to prevent all the new episodes from being prematurely released online. Rumors of a massive leak of Hollywood films and TV episodes had been circulating online for months, fed by purported screenshots of the footage and a copy of a proposed deal to delete the stolen material in return for tens of thousands of dollars in electronic currency.

2017–President Donald Trump holds a rally in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to celebrate his first 100 days in office.

2018–A police operation in nine commercial premises of Lima, Peru, seize two tons of pharmaceutical and natural products with a expired shelf life, without sanitary registration, and allegedly falsified. The police officers in charge of the raid say that they will continue find the whereabouts of all the people involved in the commercialization of the merchandise.

2018–Brazilian surfer, Rodrigo Koxa, breaks the record for the largest wave ever surfed. The wave occured off the coast of Nazaré, Portugal, and measured 80 feet.


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